The Mughal Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries. it consolidated Islam in South Asia, and spread Muslim arts and culture as well as the faith. Babur was the first Mughal Emperor, he was a descendant of Granghis Khan and Tamerlaine. The third emperor, Abu Akbar, is regarded as one of the great rulers of all time, regardless of a country. Jahans son Aurangzeb was the last greatest Mughal Emperor. He ruled for nearly 50 years. He was a strong leader whose conquest expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest size. An invention during that time was textile manufacturing. Highly skilled dyers and weavers in India produced cloth with beautiful color-fast designs. This successful industry created an enormous amount of cloth for markets through Asia. In England, demand for Indian textiles grew fast and many patterns for the new English textile industry came from India. By 1750, Indian silk cottons and calicoes mad up 60 percent of the company sales.